Therapeutic Effects of PPARα on Neuronal Death and Microvascular Impairment

Table 1

Neuroprotective effects of PPARα and molecular mechanisms of action.

Model	Physiological effects	Molecular mechanism(s)	Ref(s)
Cerebral ischemia	↓ Neuron loss; ↓ Infarct volume	Antioxidant; Anti-inflammatory; ↓ Amyloid cascade	[9, 19, 20]
Traumatic brain/spinal cord injury	↓ Spinal cord trauma; ↓ Neuronal apoptosis	Antioxidant; Anti-inflammatory	[21–25]
Parkinson’s disease	↓ Cognitive/locomotor defects; ↓ Neuron loss	Antioxidant; Anti-inflammatory	[8, 26, 27]
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy	Improved NCV; ↓ Neuron loss; ↓ Nontraumatic amputation	AMPK/PI3K Activation	[28, 29]
Diabetic/ischemic retinopathies	↓ Neuronal apoptosis; Improved ERG; ↓ Glial activation	Antioxidant; Anti-inflammatory	[12, 30]