PPAR Ligands Function as Suppressors That Target Biological Actions of HMGB1

Figure 1

Schematic representation of PPAR ligands targeting HMGB1 via PPARs-mediated mechanisms. See details in text. PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; TLR: Toll-like receptor; RAGE: receptor for advanced glycation end-products; PPRE: peroxisome proliferator response element; AP-1: activator protein-1; NF-κB: nuclear factor-κB; mRNA: messenger RNA; miRNA: microRNA; SIRT1: silent information regulator 1.