Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Induces the Expression of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor-1 (TFPI-1) in Human Macrophages

Figure 3

PPARγ activation induces the expression of TFPI-1 in human primary macrophages irrespectively of their phenotype. Primary human monocytes were differentiated into resting unpolarized (RM) or M2 macrophages in the absence or in the presence of IL-4 (15 ng/mL) for 7 days, respectively, and then treated for 24 h with GW1929 (600 nM). M1 macrophages were obtained by activation of RM macrophages with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 4 h in the absence or in the presence of GW1929 treatment (24 h, 600 nM). (a) TFPI-1 mRNA levels were measured by Q-PCR, normalized to cyclophilin mRNA, and expressed relative to the levels in untreated cells set as 1. Results are representative of those obtained from 3 independent macrophage preparations. Each bar is the mean value ± SD of triplicate determinations. Statistically significant differences between treatment and control groups are indicated (; ; ). (b) TFPI-1 protein expression was analyzed by western blot. β-actin was used as loading control.

(a)

(b)