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Authors, year | Study type | Treatment | Outcome |
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Mirmirani and Karnik, 2009 [52] | Case report: (i) 1 patient with LPP | (i) Oral pioglitazone hydrochloride 15 mg/day for 14 months | (i) 2 months: clinical improvement (ii) 6 months: marked decrease of inflammation (iii) 1 year: remained symptom-free |
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Baibergenova and Walsh, 2012 [53] | Case series: (i) 21 patients with LPP (ii) 2 patients with FAPD (iii) 1 patient with FFA | (i) Oral pioglitazone hydrochloride 15 mg/day, increased to 30 mg/day if there is no ADR (ii) Concurrent treatments were variably used as needed | (i) 5 patients: remission (ii) 12 patients: improvement (iii) 3 patients: no improvement (iv) ADR in 4 patients leading to withdrawal: calf pain, lightheadedness, dizziness and hives |
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Spring et al., 2013 [54] | Case series: (i) 22 patients with LPP | (i) Oral pioglitazone hydrochloride 15 mg/day for 1 year (ii) Adjuvant treatments were variably used as needed | (i) 3 patients: remission and no relapse (ii) 5 patients: improvement with lower disease activity (iii) 4 patients: improvement but symptoms relapsed (iv) 10 patients: negative result |
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Mesinkovska et al., 2015 [55] | Case series: (i) 18 patients with LPP (ii) 4 patients with FFA | (i) Oral pioglitazone hydrochloride 15 mg/day for median of 10.5 months | (i) 16 patients: marked improvement (ii) 5 patients: stable of disease (iii) 1 patient: progression of disease (iv) ADR: lower extremities edema, weight gain, dizziness, resistant hypertension, mild transaminitis |
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