Deciphering the Roles of Thiazolidinediones and PPAR in Bladder Cancer

Figure 2

Theoretical model of PPARγ and PP5 in bladder cancer. Activation of PPARγ by TZDs recruits PP5 to positively modulate and dephosphorylate Ser-112 (S112). PPARγ is activated once the phosphate group is removed, and a series of PPARγ-mediated activities commence shortly thereafter, including insulin sensitization. PP5 has been shown to mediate PPARγ activity by controlling phosphorylation of S112 in an adipogenic model, and targeting PP5 in the bladder epithelium may potentially affect PPARγ and its carcinogenic effects on the bladder.