PPAR Research

Review Article

Association of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) with Diabetic Retinopathy in Human and Animal Models: Analysis of the Literature and Genome Browsers

Table 2

Summary of extracted data from studies reporting involvement of PPAR genes in diabetic retinopathy in animal models.
Gene symbolGene IDGene locationSpeciesTaxonomy IDSequence variantModelRetinopathy type modelDOIDStrain/detailsStatistical significanceMethodMain result of the studyType of studyReferencePMID
Pparg190166 E3Mouse10090/Knockout, STZDR8947C57BL/6 PPARg(+/-)Retinal leakage assay, fluorescent microscopyPparg signaling pathway inhibits diabetes-inducedretinal leukostasis and leakageAnimal modelMuranaka et al. [27]17003451
Pparg256644q42Rat10116/STZDR8947Brown NorwayRetinal leakage assay, fluorescent microscopyTherapy with Pparg ligands may inhibit retinal leukostasis and retinal leakage in diabetesAnimal modelMuranaka et al. [27]17003451
Pparg190166 E3Mouse10090/Knockout, STZ, OIRDR8947C57BI/6JImmunofluorescence, western blotThe link between Pparg and retinal vascular inflammation in DRAnimal modelTawfik et al. [28]18806296
PPARG28199322q24Cattle9913/CellsDR8947BRECsWestern blotSuppression of Pparg expression in high glucose-treated cellsAnimal modelTawfik et al. [28]18806296
Ppara1901315 E2Mouse10090/Knockout, OIR, cellsDR8947C57BLKS/J
C57BL/6J		qRT-PCRUpregulated miR-21 and downregulated Ppara in OIRCell line, animal modelChen et al. [29]28270521
Ppara1901315 E2Mouse10090/Knockout, OIRDR8947Ppara(-/-) C57/BL6JTUNEL assayY-0452 exerts antiangiogenic effects in OIR retinas through Ppara-dependent mechanismCell line, animal modelDeng et al. [16]28979999
Ppara257477q34Rat10116/STZDR8947Brown NorwayVascular leakage assayY-0452 (Ppara agonist) alleviated the retinal apoptosisCell line, animal modelDeng et al. [16]28979999
Ppara1901315 E2Mouse10090/Knockout, STZDR8947Ppara(-/-) C57/BL6JTUNEL assayProtective effect of Ppara against retinal pericyte loss in DRAnimal modelDing et al. [30]25108226
Ppara1901315 E2Mouse10090/Knockout, STZDR8947C57BL/6J
PPARA knockout
Akita
db/db		Quantitative real-timeRT-PCRPpara knockout mice developed more severe DRAnimal modelHu et al. [17]24003152
Ppara257477q34Rat10116/STZDR8947Brown NorwayQuantitative real-timeRT-PCROverexpression of Ppara in the retina alleviated vascular leakage and inflammationAnimal modelHu et al. [17]24003152
/ = data not available; Pparg = peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; Ppara = peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; STZ = streptozotocin; OIR = oxygen-induced retinopathy; DR = diabetic retinopathy; BREC = bovine retinal endothelial cells; DOID = disease ontology identification number.