Stimulation of Alpha₁-Adrenergic Receptor Ameliorates Cellular Functions of Multiorgans beyond Vasomotion through PPARδ

Figure 5

The effect of midodrine on energetic protein expression, HMGCR, and lipid content in liver tissues; cytochrome c oxidase in abdominal fat tissues; body weight and abdominal fat weight; and mannose receptor immunohistochemistry results in spleen tissues from SHRs treated with midodrine or atenolol. (a) The hepatic expression of p-AMPKα and HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR) in midodrine-treated and control spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). (b) Lipid accumulation in the liver was measured by Oil Red O staining in the SHR groups. The image density results are expressed as of the mean. Values were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test or Mann-Whitney test. An upper line on the three bars indicates one-way ANOVA. All experiments were repeated three or more times. . (c) The expression of PPARδ, P-AMPK, PGC-1α, and COX4 in adipose tissue in SHRs. (d) The body weight and abdominal fat weight differences between the midodrine-treated and other SHRs. (e) A representative picture of the immunochemistry results; the mannose receptor antibody indicated a higher expression of mannose receptors in the midodrine-treated SHRs than in the other rats. Groups: I, midodrine-treated group; II, atenolol-treated group; III, untreated control group. Data are expressed as the from each group ( per group). COX: cytochrome c oxidase subunit.

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