Stimulation of Alpha₁-Adrenergic Receptor Ameliorates Cellular Functions of Multiorgans beyond Vasomotion through PPARδ

Table 3

Levels of serum cytokines, reactive oxygen species, lipids, and adiponectin in the midodrine-treated and control groups.

	Basal control	Midodrine (group I)	Atenolol (group II)	Control (group III)	value
IL-1β (μg/mL)					0.194
IL-6 (μg/mL)					0.360
TNF-α (μg/mL)			^a		0.006
ROS (ng/mL)					0.254
Adiponectin (ng/mL/g)	^a	^b	^b,c	^c	<0.001

Variables are expressed as . The values represent overall differences among groups as determined by the Kruskal-Wallis test. ^a,bData values with the same letter did not differ significantly based on the Mann-Whitney test. IL: interleukin; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TNF: tumor necrosis factor. Serum adiponectin level adjusted for visceral fat weight.