(i) Improve adjuvant effects in vivo with greater production of cytokines and costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on DCs (ii) Improved T-cell responses and protection over heterologous and heterosubtypic strain
Induce blocking antibodies that prevent the interaction of the RSV G protein with the fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) and protect mice against RSV replication and disease pathogenesis
(i) In CNP-KAg vaccinated pigs challenged with heterologous virus, reduced severity of macroscopic and microscopic influenza-associated pulmonary lesions were observed (ii) Chitosan SwIAV nanovaccine delivered by IN route elicited strong cross-reactive mucosal IgA and cellular immune responses in the respiratory tract that resulted in a reduced nasal viral shedding and lung virus titers in pigs
(i) Induce a long lasting M2e-specific humoral and cellular immune responses (ii) Provide full protection against a 90% lethal dose (LD90) of the influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H1N1).
The improved pharmacokinetic profile by particulate polymer-TLR-7/8a was also associated with reduced morbidity and enhanced vaccine immunogenicity for inducing antibodies and T-cell immunity (i) Optimizing adjuvant design to elicit broad-based antibody and T-cell responses with protein antigens (ii) Protective immunity
Enhanced interactions with antigen-presenting cells that are necessary in the initiation of efficacious immune responses BRSV-F/G nanovaccine is highly immunogenic, and with optimization, has the potential to significantly reduce the disease burden associated with RSV infection in both humans and animals
This pre-F vaccine increased the generation of NAbs targeting the desired pre-F conformation, an attribute that facilitates the development of an effective RSV vaccine
Intranasal immunization with VLPs containing HA induced high serum and mucosal antibody titers and neutralizing activity against PR8 and A/WSN/33 (H1N1) viruses A promising strategy for the development of a safe and effective vaccine
F protein and G glycoprotein of RSV and M1 protein of Influenza
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In vivo Mice
Intranasal
Enhanced protection against live RSV challenges Significant decreases in lung viral replication and obvious attenuation of histopathological changes associated with viral infections
(i) Tolerated without dose-related increases in adverse events (ii) A 7- to 19-fold increase in the anti-F IgG and a 7- to 24-fold increase in the antigenic site II binding and palivizumab competitive antibodies
(i) Induce serum haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titres in mice far superior to those obtained with nonadjuvanted vaccine delivered subcutaneously (ii) Induce mucosal IgA responses in the lung, nasal passages, and large intestine, together with high levels of serum IgA (iii) Improved protection