Nobiletin Attenuates Pathological Cardiac Remodeling after Myocardial Infarction via Activating PPARγ and PGC1α

Figure 1

NOB protects against CHF after MI. (a) The chemical structure of NOB. (b) The survival curve showed that NOB intervention improved the survival rate of mice after MI. The numbers of mice for the sham+vehicle, sham+NOB, MI+vehicle, and MI+NOB were 7, 8, 12, and 12 at the start of the experiment and after 3 weeks, and the numbers were 7, 8, 6, and 8, respectively. Six mice were sacrificed in the MI+vehicle group, and four were sacrificed in the MI+NOB group. The survival rates for each group were 100%, 100%, 50%, and 66.7%, respectively. (c) Representative echocardiography images for each group revealed that NOB alleviated the deterioration of cardiac function after MI (, 8, 6, and 8). (d) The cardiac parameters LVEF, LVFS, LVIDs, and LVIDd illustrated the protection of NOB against chronic heart failure after MI (, 8, 6, and 8). (e) The heart weight to body weight ratio decreased after NOB intervention compared with that in the MI group (, 8, 6, and 8). (f) Mice were administrated with NOB or vehicle for 3 days after MI surgery, and Evans blue and TTC staining was performed to identify whether NOB protects against acute heart failure after MI. The results showed no differences between the INF/AAR (infarct area/area at risk) and AAR/LV (area at risk/whole left ventricle area) ratios between the MI+vehicle and MI+NOB groups, indicating that NOB administration could not protect mice after acute MI (the white area indicates the infarct area, the red area shows ischemia, and the blue area indicates normal cardiac tissue) ( and 6). Data are presented as . ; ; . NOB: nobiletin; MI: myocardial infarction; EF: ejection fraction; FS: fractional shortening; LVIDd: left ventricular internal diameter at end diastole; LVIDs: left ventricular internal diameter at end systole; TTC: triphenyl tetrazolium chloride.

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