PPARβ/δ Agonism with GW501516 Increases Myotube PGC-1α Content and Reduces BCAA Media Content Independent of Changes in BCAA Catabolic Enzyme Expression

Figure 6

Effect of GW501516 on mitochondrial biogenic signaling. (a) Effect of treatment with GW at 1 μM for various durations on myotube mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (Ppargc1a), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (Nrf1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), citrate synthase (Cs), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5a (Cox5a), and ATP synthase subunit 5b (Atp5f1b). (b) Effect of treatment with GW at 1 μM for 24 hours on myotube protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), and citrate synthase (CS). (c) Time trial of the effect of treatment with GW at 1 μM for up to 24 hours on myotube mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Ppara) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (Ppard). (d) Effect of treatment with GW at 1 μM for 24 hours on myotube protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta (PPARβ/δ), carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT1b), acyl-coA dehydrogenase 9 (ACAD9), and uncoupling protein 1/2/3 (UCP).

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