Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-binding transcription factors, are involved in the pathophysiology of the various types of diseases, especially in dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and major organ dysfunction such as liver, heart, and kidney. Many types of PPAR-related medicines have been developed and utilized clinically all over the world. Since PPARs are known to exert multieffects including regulation of hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and antiproliferative pathways, the potential benefits and indications of these medicines are expected to extend further. On the other hand, these medicines may also exert various toxicities. In fact, some PPAR drugs are no longer in use clinically because of serious complications arising in some patients. Thus, we feel it necessary to understand the Yin and Yang effects of these medicines, and to definitively clarify their therapeutic usefulness for appropriate clinical utilization. We invite authors to submit original research and/or review articles that seek to define the novel beneficial or toxic effects of these medicines in human disease and also in animal models. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

• Novel beneficial effects or toxicities of PPAR-related medicines
• Novel mechanism underlying beneficial effects or toxicities of PPAR-related medicines
• Characterization of beneficial or adverse effects of recently developed PPAR-related medicines
• Identification of new targets of the PPAR-related medicines
• Identification of novel valuable biomarkers/clinical indicators that would improve clinical-utilization of PPARs-related medicines
• Clinical studies investigating novel therapeutic or unexpected adverse effects of PPAR-related medicines
• Confounding factors in humans or animals that influence the Yin and Yang effects of PPAR-related medicines

Before submission authors should carefully read over the journal's Author Guidelines, which are located at http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ppar/guidelines/. Prospective authors should submit an electronic copy of their complete manuscript through the journal Manuscript Tracking System at http://mts.hindawi.com/ according to the following timetable: