Needle Tip Position and Bevel Direction Have No Effect in the Fluoroscopic Epidural Spreading Pattern in Caudal Epidural Injections: A Randomized Trial

Table 2

Demographic data of the patients treated in group M and group L.

	Group M ()	Group L ()	value
Age	63.4 ± 14.9	59.8 ± 16.0	0.092
Gender (female/male)	73/37	55/45	0.092
Height	159.8 ± 8.4	161.0 ± 10.5	0.383
Weight	61.0 ± 10.6	62.1 ± 11.8	0.438
Lumbar spine operation history	32	18	0.059
DM	17	8	0.096
HTN	49	37	0.267

Individuals from group M had their needle inserted at the midline of the sacral vertebral body.
Individuals from group L had their needle inserted into the lateral one-third of the sacral canal.
Data is expressed as “mean ± SD” or “number of individuals.”
DM: diabetes mellitus; HTN: hypertension.