Needle Tip Position and Bevel Direction Have No Effect in the Fluoroscopic Epidural Spreading Pattern in Caudal Epidural Injections: A Randomized Trial

Table 4

Demographic data of the patients treated in group U and group D.

	Group U ()	Group D ()	P value
Age	60.5 ± 16.7	62.7 ± 14.4	0.313
Gender (female/male)	61/38	67/44	0.852
Height	160.8 ± 10.2	160.1 ± 8.8	0.576
Weight	62.6 ± 9.9	60.5 ± 12.2	0.199
Lumbar spine operation history	24	26	0.889
DM	13	12	0.604
HTN	38	48	0.475

Individuals from group U had the bevel of the needle headed to the dorsal side.
Individuals from group D had the bevel of the needle headed to the ventral side.
Data is expressed as “mean ± SD” or “number of individuals.”
DM: diabetes mellitus; HTN: hypertension.