Pain Measurement through Temperature Changes in Children Undergoing Dental Extractions

Figure 1

Heart rate and thermographic measurements. Heart rate (a) and thermographic measurements (b) were taken at 1-minute intervals before starting the procedure (measurement 1), during the application of the anesthesia (measurements 2 to 5), during the tooth extraction (measurements 6 to 8), and after the extraction (measurement 9). Bars indicate 95% confidence intervals.

(a)

(b)