Identification and Characterization of Unique Subgroups of Chronic Pain Individuals with Dispositional Personality Traits

Table 2

Mean values (standard deviation) in mood, catastrophizing, and pain disability among the cluster subgroups.

	Cluster 1	Cluster 2	Cluster 3	F	p
DASS total	33.1 (14.7)	26.5 (11.9)	17.3 (11.0)	25.6	<0.001
DASS depression	10.9 (5.6)	8.7 (4.8)	5.3 (4.0)	21.7	<0.001
DASS anxiety	11.5 (4.9)	9.2 (4.2)	6.2 (4.0)	24.1	<0.001
DASS stress	11.4 (5.5)	8.8 (4.2)	5.8 (4.0)	24.6	<0.001
PCS	42.7 (9.7)	37.9 (10.1)	28.8 (9.2)	25.3	<0.001
PDI	38.6 (9.0)	36.4 (10.5)	34.1 (12.6)	3.1	<0.03

Bold values denote . DASS = Depression Anxiety Stress Scale; PCS = Pain Catastrophizing Scale; and PDI = Pain Disability Index.