The Cognitive Functions in Adults with Chronic Pain: A Comparative Study

Table 3

Results of pain and cognitive measures.

Assessment	Construct measured	Mean ± SD		Sig.	Effect size (Cohen’s )
		Chronic pain	Pain-free
Contextual Memory Test	Short-term memory	14.0 ± 1.7	14.1 ± 3.3	0.821	−.04
A Quick Test	Executive functioning	5.2 ± 0.9	4.6 ± .7	0.029	.74
Trail Making Test	Alternating attention	8.3 ± 5.4	6.4 ± 2.2	0.061	.46
Digit Forward Test	Short-term memory	6.9 ± 1.5	7.4 ± 2.1	0.278	−.27
Digit Backward Test	Working memory	4.8 ± 1.6	4.1 ± 1.5	0.065	.45
Contextual Memory Test	Long-term memory	12.4 ± 2.6	14.0 ± 2.3	0.012	.65
D2 test	Selective attention	15.1 ± 2.6	11.8 ± 4.8	<0.002	.85
	Processing speed	99.7 ± 40.4	71.5 ± 44.2	0.003	.67

Significant value.
Higher score indicates greater performance (less impairment).
Lower score indicates greater performance (less impairment).