Systematic Review of Multidisciplinary Chronic Pain Treatment Facilities

Table 5

Physical therapy related treatments used at pain treatment facilities.

Treatment	Australia	Canada			United Kingdom				United States
	Hogg et al. (2012) [20]	Peng et al. (2007) [18]	Peng et al. (2007) [21]		Bisset (1988) [24]	Clinical Standards Advisory Group (2000) [25]	Dr. Foster & the Pain Society (2003) [26]		Castel et al. (2009) [29]	Csordas and Clark (1992) [30]	Hickling et al. (1985) [31]
Acupuncture	3.5%	53%	40%		87.5%	86%	90%		22%	8%	—
Exercise program	—	77%	100%		—	—	—		48%	4%	—
Hydrotherapy	—	35%	100%		—	—	—		—	—	—
Intramuscular stimulation	—	30%	20%		—	—	—		—	—	—
Massage	—	34%	20%		—	—	—		15%	16%	—
Physical/physiotherapy	—	—	—		—	82%	—		—	56%	—
Individual	—	75%	100%		—	—	79%		—	—	—
Group	—	39%	—		—	—	57%		—	—	—
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation	—	66%	80%		100%	98%	94%		52%	20%	86.7%

Note. Information on physical therapy related treatments was not available for National Pain Audit [27], [28], Peng et al. [17], and Veillette et al. [22]. De Benedittis and Lorenzetti [23] reported a mean utilization index instead of the percentage of pain treatment facilities that used a specific procedure and data were therefore not included in the table. Articles reporting on a procedure not reported in another study were not included in the table ( procedures). Articles reporting treatments without percentages were not included.