Systematic Review of Multidisciplinary Chronic Pain Treatment Facilities

Table 6

Psychological treatments and other treatments used at pain treatment facilities.

Treatment	Canada			United Kingdom				United States
	Peng et al. (2007) [18]	Peng et al. (2007) [21]		Bisset (1988) [24]	Clinical Standards Advisory Group (2000) [25]	Dr. Foster & the Pain Society (2003) [26]		Castel et al. (2009) [29]	Csordas and Clark (1992) [30]	Hickling et al. (1985) [31]
Psychological treatments
Biofeedback	39%	80%		—	—	—		—	48%	85.3%
Couple therapy	25%	—		—	—	—		—	—	72%
Education	—	—		—	—	—		22%	24%	—
Family therapy	25%	60%		—	—	—		—	—	68%
Group psychotherapy	42%	20%		—	—	—		—	—	—
Hypnosis	28%	80%		6.3%	20%	—		—	20%	—
Imagery	50%	100%		—	—	—		—	—	—
Individual psychotherapy	79%	100%		—	66%	69%		22%	80%	92%
Relaxation/breathing	71%	100%		—	—	—		—	48%	—
Support group	42%	40%		—	—	—		—	—	—
Other treatments
Dietary/nutrition counseling	47%	40%		—	—	—		35%	12%	—
Homeopathy	—	—		—	4.5%	—		20%	—	—
Pharmaceutical counseling	37%	40%		—	—	—		—	—	—

Note. Information on psychological and other treatments was not available for Hogg et al. [20], National Pain Audit [27], [28], Peng et al. [17], and Veillette et al. [22]. De Benedittis and Lorenzetti [23] reported a mean utilization index instead of the percentage of pain treatment facilities that used a specific procedure and data were therefore not included in the table. Articles reporting on a procedure not reported in another study were not included in the table ( procedures). Articles reporting treatments without percentages were not included.
Reported as family/couple therapy.