Factors for Predicting Favorable Outcome of Percutaneous Epidural Adhesiolysis for Lumbar Disc Herniation
Table 2
Results for substantial responders compared to nonresponders 12 months after percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis, as classified by demographic and clinical variables.
Variables
Values
Substantial responders ()
Nonresponders ()
Gender
Male
131 (44.6%)
42 (37.2%)
0.215
Female
163 (55.4%)
71 (62.8%)
Age
51.5 (14.1)
53.3 (14.2)
0.175
Height
164.5 (8.4)
163.8 (8.2)
0.404
Weight
65.7 (10.9)
65.4 (9.8)
0.832
BMI
24.2 (2.6)
24.3 (2.4)
0.526
Type of HIVD
Protrusion
120 (40.8%)
47 (41.6%)
0.005
Extrusion
135 (45.9%)
40 (35.4%)
Sequestration
31 (10.6%)
14 (12.4%)
Foraminal
8 (2.7%)
12 (10.6%)
Concurrent oral analgesics
Yes
288 (98.0%)
112 (99.1%)
0.706
No
6 2.0%)
1 (0.9%)
Concurrent physical therapy
Yes
130 (44.2%)
60 (53.1%)
0.134
No
164 (55.8%)
53 (46.9%)
Previous epidural block
Yes
98 (33.3%)
44 (38.9%)
0.344
No
196 (66.7%)
69 (61.2%)
Previous blocks other than epidural
Yes
9 (3.1%)
7 (6.2%)
0.241
No
285 (96.9%)
106 (93.8%)
Number of levels
Single
182 (61.9%)
72 (63.7%)
0.796
Two
91 (31.0%)
35 (31.0%)
Three
21 (7.1%)
6 (5.3%)
Location of lesion
Left
135 (45.9%)
55 (48.7%)
0.874
Right
133 (45.2%)
49 (43.4%)
Both
26 (8.9%)
9 (7.9%)
HIZ at MRI
Present
128 (43.5%)
30 (26.5%)
0.002
Negative
166 (56.5%)
83 (73.5%)
Baseline NRS score
7.55 (0.91)
7.71 (0.96)
0.139
NRS score at 1 month
3.56 (1.09)
3.94 (1.14)
0.007
Substantial response at 1 month
Yes
205 (69.7%)
69 (61.1%)
0.121
No
89 (30.3%)
44 (38.9%)
Oral analgesic change at 1 month
No change
253 (86.1%)
95 (84.1%)
0.772
Decreased
40 (13.6%)
17 (15.0%)
Increased
1 (0.3%)
1 (0.9%)
Repeated procedure
Yes
11 (3.8%)
4 (3.5%)
0.844
No
283 (96.2%)
109 (96.5%)
Vasculogram
Yes
19 (6.5%)
8 (7.1%)
0.999
No
275 (93.5%)
105 (92.9%)
Myelogram
Yes
10 (3.4%)
2 (1.8%)
0.586
No
284 (96.6%)
111 (98.2%)
Immediate complication
Yes
20 (6.8%)
6 (5.3%)
0.745
No
274 (93.2%)
107 (94.7%)
The data are presented as a mean (SD) or absolute number (percentage). BMI: body mass index, HIVD: herniated intervertebral disc, HIZ: high-intensity zone, MRI: magnetic resonance image, NRS: numerical rating scale, SD: standard deviation.
