Factors for Predicting Favorable Outcome of Percutaneous Epidural Adhesiolysis for Lumbar Disc Herniation

Table 3

Univariate and multivariate analyses of variables that predict a substantial response 1 year after percutaneous epidural adhesiolysis.

		Univariate			Multivariate
		OR	95% CI		OR	95% CI
Gender	Male	1
	Female	0.736	0.469–1.145	0.178
Age		0.991	0.975–1.006	0.237
Height		1.010	0.984–1.037	0.466
Weight		1.003	0.983–1.024	0.767
BMI		0.985	0.904–1.073	0.727
Type of HIVD	Protrusion	1
	Extrusion	1.322	0.812–2.160	0.262	1.409	0.852–2.345	0.183
	Sequestration	0.867	0.430–1.814	0.696	0.982	0.474–2.110	0.962
	Foraminal	0.228	0.081–0.603	0.004	0.295	0.101–0.809	0.020
Concurrent oral analgesics	Yes	1
	No	2.333	0.393–44.329	0.435
Concurrent physical therapy	Yes	1
	No	1.428	0.925–2.211	0.109
Previous epidural block	Yes	1
	No	1.275	0.811–1.995	0.289
Previous blocks other than epidural	Yes	1
	No	2.091	0.731–5.752	0.153
Number of levels	Single
	Two	1.029	0.642–1.667	0.908
	Three	1.385	0.567–3.898	0.501
Location of lesion	Left	1
	Right	1.106	0.703–1.743	0.664
	Both	1.177	0.534–2.805	0.697
HIZ at MRI	Present	1
	Negative	0.469	0.288–0.748	0.002	0.507	0.305–0.827	0.007
Immediate complications	Yes	1
	No	0.768	0.275–1.860	0.582
Baseline NRS score		0.833	0.657–1.053	0.126
1-month NRS score		0.735	0.600–0.894	0.002	0.789	0.640–0.969	0.025
Oral analgesic consumption after 1 month	No change	1
	Decreased	0.884	0.485–1.669	0.693
	Increased	0.375	0.015–9.559	0.490
Substantial response after 1 month	Yes	1
	No	0.681	0.434–1.074	0.096
Repeated procedure during follow-up	Yes	1
	No	0.944	0.257–2.827	0.923

BMI: body mass index, CI: confidence intervals, HIVD: herniated intervertebral disc, HIZ: high-intensity zone, MRI: magnetic resonance image, NRS: numerical rating scale, OR: odds ratio.