Spinal Anesthesia and Spinal Anesthesia with Subdiaphragmatic Lidocaine in Shoulder Pain Reduction for Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

<div>Flowchart showing participants’ recruitment. Group 1: general anesthesia, Group 2: spinal anesthesia, and Group 3: spinal anesthesia with lidocaine.</div>

Pain Research and Management

fig1

Figure 1

Figure 1: Spinal Anesthesia and Spinal Anesthesia with Subdiaphragmatic Lidocaine in Shoulder Pain Reduction for Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial 

Figure 1 | Spinal Anesthesia and Spinal Anesthesia with Subdiaphragmatic Lidocaine in Shoulder Pain Reduction for Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial 