Spinal Anesthesia and Spinal Anesthesia with Subdiaphragmatic Lidocaine in Shoulder Pain Reduction for Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Table 1
Comparison of demographic characteristics and secondary outcomes between study groups.
Group 1 ()
Group 2 ()
Group 3 ()
value
Age (yr.)
29.62 ± (5.47)
29.51 ± (5.03)
29 ± (4.81)
0.88
Parity
0.47 ± (0.9)
0.48 ± (0.78)
0.37 ± (0.49)
0.83
Weight
72.9 ± (13.1)
69.9 ± (10.3)
75.8 ± (0.9)
0.76
Height
158.7 ± (5.2)
160.4 ± (5.9)
161.6 ± (2.5)
0.34
Analgesic usage
Yes
12 (42.86)
10 (35.72)
11 (39.29)
0.82
No
16 (57.14)
18 (64.28)
17 (60.71)
Vomiting
Yes
8 (28.57)
7 (25)
7 (25)
0.94
No
20 (71.42)
21 (75)
21 (75)
Duration of surgery
30.88 ± (11.25)
29.65 ± (10.6)
33.88 ± (19.13)
0.5
Indication for laparoscopy
Infertility
22 (78.57)
21 (75)
23 (82.14)
0.87
Other indications for laparoscopy
6 (21.43)
7 (25)
5 (17.86)
Values given as mean ± SD (standard deviation) or number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated; Group 1: general anesthesia, Group 2: spinal anesthesia, and Group 3: spinal anesthesia with lidocaine.
