Spinal Anesthesia and Spinal Anesthesia with Subdiaphragmatic Lidocaine in Shoulder Pain Reduction for Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Table 2

The results of reported pain experienced at all-time interval.

Pain	Group 1 ()	Group 2 ()	Group 3 ()	value
During surgery	—	2.75 ± (3.7)	2.25 ± (2.86)	0.57
After 2 hours	5.18 ± (3.66)	3.07 ± (3.4)	4.34 ± (3.58)	0.08
After 4 hours	4.69 ± (3.01)	3.38 ± (3.16)	4.15 ± (3.04)	0.27
After 6 hours	4.66 ± (3)	4.19 ± (3.13)	5.14 ± (3.02)	0.52
After 12 hours	4.36 ± (3.11)	4.96 ±(3.09)	3.96 ± (2.59)	0.47
Prior to discharge	3.3 ± (2.18)	3.65 ± (2.69)	2.62 ± (1.82)	0.24

The analysis of variance and independent -test were used to compare mean between groups; Group 1: general anesthesia, Group 2: spinal anesthesia, and Group 3: spinal anesthesia with lidocaine.