Spinal Cord Stimulation in Failed Back Surgery Syndrome: Effects on Posture and Gait—A Preliminary 3D Biomechanical Study

Table 1

The general picture at T0: patients’ clinical features, model of SCS device, year of implant of the device, clinical scales (Visual Analogue Scales (VAS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36)), and functional scores (Medical Research Council, Timed Up and Go). HAM-D scores of 0–7 are considered to be normal; scores of 8–17 indicate a mild depression, scores of 18–24 a moderate depression, and scores > 25 a severe depression.

Age; years]	Pain localization	Type of pain	SCS device	Year of implant	VAS; (0–100)	HAM-D	SF-36
79	Lower back and left lower limb	hypoesthesia	SYNERGY VERSITREL; MEDTRONIC	2013	80	18	20
52	Lower back and left lower limb	disesthesia	VECTRIS SURESCAN; MRI MEDTRONIC	2014	90	21	5
73	Lower back and left lower limb	disesthesia	VECTRIS SURESCAN; MRI MEDTRONIC	First in 2005; Second in 2014	80	13	7
51	Lower back and left lower limb	disesthesia	SINERGY VERSITREL; MEDTRONIC	First in 2005; Second in 2010	100	25	10
75	Lower back and right lower limb	hypoesthesia	PRIME ADVANCED; MEDTRONIC	2014	80	24	18
61	Lower back and right lower limb	disesthesia	PRIME ADVANCED; MEDTRONIC	First in 2012; Second in 2014	100	43	0
55	Lower back and left lower limb	hypoesthesia	ITREL 4 MEDTRONIC	2010	90	29	10
76	Lower back and left lower limb	hypoesthesia	ITREL 4 MEDTRONIC	2013	80	15	30