Peritoneal Nebulization of Ropivacaine during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Dose Finding and Pharmacokinetic Study

Figure 1

Dynamic pain intensity between the three treated groups 6 hours (a), 24 hours (b), and 48 hours (c) after surgery. Between the three groups, no differences were found in either the intensity of postoperative pain localized at abdominal wall, wound, and shoulder (). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

(a)

(b)

(c)