Comparison of Incidences of Intravascular Injection between Medial and Lateral Side Approaches during Traditional S1 Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection

Table 3

Numbers of patients for whom contrast medium reached an L5-S1 SIVD in epidural only group and volume of contrast medium required for spread to L5-S1 SIVD during S1 transforaminal epidural steroid injection.

	Group M ()	Group L ()	value
Spread to L5-S1 SIVD,	64 (82.1%)	30 (58.8%)	0.004
Volume of contrast medium, mL	1.46 ± 0.48	1.90 ± 0.62	0.001

Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or number of patients (%). Group M, medial approach group; Group L, lateral approach group; SIVD, superior aspect of the L5-S1 intervertebral disc. value < 0.05.