Effects of a Pain Catastrophizing Induction on Sensory Testing in Women with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study

Figure 4

Weighted pin pain intensity over time by experimental condition. The interaction of time and condition on weighted pin pain intensity, controlling for baseline trait PCS and baseline current back pain intensity, was significant; weighted pin pain was significantly higher in the pain catastrophizing induction condition after the experiment compared to before the experiment (unstandardized β = −7.85, ).