Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Technology for Oral Patient-Controlled Analgesia, the PCoA® Acute Device, for Hospitalized Patients with Postoperative Pain, in Pilot Feasibility Study
Table 4
Analysis of total pills administered by group. Analysis was done by nonparametric Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney. Analysis of variance (ANOVA model) was applied for analyzing the difference in the study outcomes between study centers within study groups (MC: Medical Center).
Parameter
All centers
MC-A
MC-B
MC-C
Group
Control
Test
Control
Test
Control
Test
Control
Test
Number of total pills
75
135
21
55
17
49
37
31
Number of patients
43
27
20
9
12
9
11
9
Parameter (number of pills/ patient)
Mean
1.67
5.00
0.95
6.11
1.42
5.44
3.27
3.44
Std
2.28
2.42
1.96
2.71
1.78
1.94
2.65
1.88
Min
0.00
1.00
0.00
3.00
0.00
2.00
0.00
1.00
Median
1.00
6.00
0.00
6.00
0.50
6.00
3.00
4.00
Max
8.00
12.00
8.00
12.00
5.00
7.00
7.00
7.00
Lower 95% confidence limit
0.97
4.04
0.03
4.03
0.28
3.95
1.49
2.00
Upper 95% confidence limit
2.37
5.96
1.87
8.20
2.55
6.94
5.05
4.89
value (Wilcoxon test)
<0.0001
value for difference between the centers by group (ANOVA)
