Research Article

Development and Implementation of a Registry of Patients Attending Multidisciplinary Pain Treatment Clinics: The Quebec Pain Registry

Table 1

Variables, outcomes, and measurement tools of the Quebec Pain Registry at each time point.

Variables/outcomes collected with the Patient self-administered Questionnaire (QP) and the Nurse-administered Questionnaire (NQ)Initial visit6-month follow-up

Pain history
(i) NQ: pain durationX
(ii) NQ: circumstances surrounding the onsetX
(iii) NQ: 1st degree family history of chronic painX
(iv) NQ: date and reason of referral, speciality of the referring doctorX
(v) NQ: number of pain-related visits to emergency (past 6 months)XX
(vi) NQ: number of pain-related hospitalizations (past 6 months)XX
(vii) NQ: time elapsed between consultation request and 1st visit at the Pain ClinicX
Pain characteristics
(i) NQ: frequency in the past 7 days (always, occasionally, no pain)XX
(ii) PQ: intensity (pain now, average, and worst pain in the past 7 days) (Numerical rating scale, 0 = no pain, 10 = worst possible pain) [28]XX
(iii) NQ: quality (neuropathic pain component) (DN4 Questionnaire) [26]XX
(iv) PQ: pain interference on daily activities (Interference Items of the Brief Pain Inventory-10) [4446]XX
(v) NQ: impact of pain on sleep (Chronic Pain Sleep Inventory) [30]XX
(vi) NQ: mobility support required inside and/or outside the homeXX
(vii) NQ: pain diagnosi(e)s established at the pain clinic: location, type, suspected etiologyXX
Psychological well-being and quality of life
(i) PQ: depression (Beck Depression Inventory-1) [47, 48]XX
(ii) PQ: anger (numerical rating scale, 0 = not at all, 10 = extremely)XX
(iii) PQ: tendency to catastrophize in the face of pain (Pain Catastrophizing Scale) [71, 72]XX
(iv) PQ: health-related quality of life (SF-12v2) [42, 43]XX
Pain treatments at the pain clinic or elsewhere
(i) NQ: current pharmacological pain treatment (prescribed and not prescribed): medication name and posologyXX
(ii) NQ: side effects of current pharmacological pain treatment: type and severity (categorical rating scale, 0 = none, 4 = severe)XX
(iii) NQ: past pharmacological pain treatment (prescribed and not prescribed): medication name and reason(s) for stoppingXX
(iv) NQ: type of current and past nonpharmacological pain treatments including interventions (e.g., injection therapy, surgery), psychological techniques (e.g., self-management program, individual psychotherapy), self-management strategies (e.g., relaxation/breathing exercises, self-support group), physical therapies (e.g., physiotherapy, electrostimulation, acupuncture), and complementary alternative therapiesXX
(v) NQ: type of health care professionals consulted since pain onset and in the months preceding follow-upXX
(vi) NQ: continuation of treatment at the pain clinic (yes, no)XX
(vii) NQ: patient’s disposition after treatment at the pain clinicX
Patient expectations regarding treatment at the pain clinic
(i) PQ: expected pain relief (Pain Relief Scale, 0% = no relief, 100% = complete relief) [73]X
(ii) PQ: patient expected global change regarding functioning level and quality of life (adapted from the Patient Global Impression of Change Scale) [28]X
Patients’ perceived improvement and satisfaction with treatment at the pain clinic
(i) PQ: patient perception of pain relief (Pain Relief Scale, 0% = no relief, 100% = complete relief) [73]X
(ii) PQ: patient expected global impression of change regarding functioning level and quality of life (Patient Global Impression of Change Scale) [28]X
(iii) PQ: patient satisfaction with treatment (Satisfaction Scale) [73]X
Medical history
(i) NQ: current and past medical history (type of disorders other than chronic pain)XX
(ii) NQ: type of current medication for medical conditionXX
(iii) PQ: consumption habits (cigarettes, alcohol, illicit drugs)XX
(iv) PQ: risk of alcohol and drug abuse/misuse (Cage-AID) [33, 74]X
(v) NQ: risk of opioid abuse/misuse (Opioid Risk Tool) [32, 33]X
Demographics
(i) PQ: date of birthX
(ii) PQ: sexX
(iii) PQ: ethnic groupX
(iv) PQ: first languageX
(v) PQ: education levelX
(vi) PQ: current living conditionsXX
(vii) PQ: civil statusXX
(viii) PQ: current work statusXX
(ix) PQ: family incomeXX
(x) PQ: main source of incomeXX
(xi) PQ: disability benefitsXX
(xii) PQ: litigation regarding disability benefitsXX

NQ, Nurse-administered Questionnaire; PQ, Patient self-administered Questionnaire (PQ).
Follow-up data were collected 6 months after patients’ initial visit at the pain clinic. Between November 2008 and March 2012, additional follow-up data were gathered at 12 and 24 months but only in patients who had been not discharged from the pain clinic in the meantime.
Item not measured after June 2012.
Item measured after June 2012.
Patients were informed that no members of the clinical team will have access to their satisfaction ratings regarding the treatments they received at the pain clinic.