Pleasant Pain Relief and Inhibitory Conditioned Pain Modulation: A Psychophysical Study

Table 1

Characteristics of the participants.

Characteristics	M (%)
Age (M ± SEM)	25.1 ± 0.82
Sex (%)
Male	40.6
Female	43.8
Ethnicity (%)
Caucasian	50
Afro-American	6.3
Latin American	3.1
Asian	6.3
Other	18.8
Level of education (%)
College degree	15.6
Bachelor’s degree	40.6
Graduate studies	28.1
Employment status (%)
Employed	46.9
Unemployed	6.3
Loan or bursary	15.6
Others (i.e., independent worker and welfare)	15.6
Psychological symptoms (M ± SEM)
BDI-II	5.11 ± 1.07
STAI-S	46.68 ± 0.83
SHPS	48.81 ± 0.65

BDI-II = Beck Depression Inventory; SHPS = Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale; STAI = State and Trait Inventory; SEM = standard error of the mean; M = mean.