| Study (year published) [ref.] | Participants | Age (intervention, control, or placebo group) | Modality | Treatments | Evaluation |
| Ardic et al. (2007) [16] | 24 women with FM | 43.5 ± 10.2, 48.8 ± 8.9 | Balneotherapy 30°C, 20 min | Once daily, 5 days/wk for 3 wks, whole body; control | Pain (VAS), NTP, algometric score, FIQ, BDI, serum PGE2, LTB4, and IL-1 levels |
| Armagan et al. (2006) [17] | 32 women with FM | 38.9 ± 4.9, 37.6 ± 5.9 | Low-level laser therapy 50 mW, 830 nm, 1 min each tender point | Once daily, 5 days/wk for 10 days; control | NTP, morning stiffness, VSGI, FIQ, and total myalgia score |
| Bagdatli et al. (2015) [18] | 70 women with FM | 45.2 ± 9.1, 42.8 ± 9.6 | Balneotherapy and mudpack 38°C, 20 min and 45°C, 20 min | 10 times within 2 wks, whole body; control | PGASc, IGASc, FIQ, pain, fatigue, sleep, stiffness, anxiety, depression, and BDI |
| Evcik et al. (2002) [19] | 42 patients with FM | 42.0 ± 6.8, 41.5 ± 7.1 | Balneotherapy 36°C, 20 min | Once daily, 5 days/wk for 3 wks, whole body; control | Pain (VAS), FIQ, NTP, and BDI |
| Fioravanti et al. (2007) [20] | 80 patients with FM | 46.2 ± 10.5, 48.6 ± 9.4 | Mudpack and thermal bath 40°C–45°C, 10 min and 37°C–38°C, 15 min | Once daily, for 2 wks, whole body; control | FIQ, VAS (headache, fatigue, sleep disturbances), NTP, HAQ, and AIMS |
| Gür et al. (2002) [21] | 50 patients with FM | 30.4 ± 6.9, 28.5 ± 6.3 | Low-level laser therapy 2 J/cm2, 3 min each tender point | Once daily, 5 days/wk for 2 wks; placebo | Pain, NTP, skinfold tenderness, stiffness, sleep disturbance, muscle spasm, fatigue, and FIQ |
| Gür et al. (2002) [22] | 40 patients with FM | — | Low-level laser therapy 11.2 mW, 3 min each tender point | Once daily, 5 days/wk for 2 wks; placebo | Pain, NTP, skinfold tenderness, stiffness, sleep disturbance, muscular spasm, and fatigue |
| Lauretti et al. (2013) [23] | 39 patients with FM | 32 ± 8, 35 ± 8 | TENS 200 μsec, 2 and 100 Hz, 60 mA, 20 min | Twice a day, for 7 days; placebo | Pain (VAS), daily analgesic consumption, quality of sleep, and fatigue |
| Ruaro et al. (2014) [24] | 20 women with FM | 43.4, 39.4 | Low-level laser therapy 20 mW, 670 nm,7 s ×4 for 18 trigger points | 3 times/wk for 4 wks; placebo | NTP, FIQ, McGill pain questionnaire, and VAS |
| Sutbeyaz et al. (2009) [25] | 56 women with FM | 43.0 ± 9.6, 40.9 ± 6.9 | Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy 40 µT, 0.1–64 Hz, 30 min | Twice a day, for 3 wks, whole body; control | FIQ, pain (VAS), BDI, SF-36, and PGART |
| Vayvay et al. (2016) [26] | 45 women with FM | 36.4 ± 8.3, 38.0 ± 8.4 | Laser therapy 2 J/cm2, 3 min each trigger points | Once daily, 5 days/wk for 3 wks; placebo | Pain (VAS), body flexibility, FIQ, SF-36, and BDI |
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