Dutch Translation and Validation of the Headache-Specific Locus of Control Scale (HSLC-DV)

Table 1

Baseline characteristics.

	Total sample ()	Lost to follow-up ()
Gender
Male	21 (24%)	3 (19%)
Mean (SD) age in years	36 (9)	35 (7)
Headache type
Migraine	35 (40%)	5 (31%)
Tension type and cervicogenic headache	52 (60%)	11 (69%)
Median (range) headache days per month	8 (1–31)	8 (4–30)
Median duration of headache in years	13 (1–45)	13 (3–30)
Median duration of headache period in days	3 (0.5–31)	2 (0.5–6)
Headache treatment	34 (39%)	4 (25%)
Work
Full-time	40 (46%)	7 (44%)
Part-time	32 (37%)	7 (44%)
No paid work	11 (13%)	1 (6%)
Freelance	4 (4%)	1 (6%)
Median (range) number of children	0 (0–6)	1 (0–3)
Sports or moderate physical activity for 30 min a day^1
No sports or moderate physical activity	26 (30%)	9 (56%)
Moderate physical activity only	32 (37%)	4 (25%)
>2x a week sport	29 (33%)	3 (19%)
Education^2
Low	44 (51%)	8 (50%)
High	43 (49%)	8 (50%)
Civil status
Single	18 (21%)	2 (13%)
Relation, living with partner, (re)married	65 (75%)	13 (81%)
Divorced	4 (5%)	1 (6%)
Medication
Pain medication	63 (72%)	13 (81%)
Beta-blocker	2 (2%)	0 (0%)
Blood pressure-lowering drugs	3 (3%)	0 (0%)
Doctors visit in median times a year	2 (0–25)	2 (0–6)
HSLC
External	24.2 (6.9)	23.4 (5.2)
Internal	34.9 (9.3)	37.8 (9.5)
Chance	33.8 (7.0)	35.0 (5.3)

Numbers are frequencies (%), mean (SD), or median (range). ¹Dutch norm for healthy exercise. ²High education = higher vocational education and science education.