Jaw Exercise Therapy and Psychoeducation to Reduce Oral Parafunctional Activities for the Management of Persistent Dentoalveolar Pain
Table 1
Characteristics and treatment used in 21 patients.
Patientnumber
Sex
Age (years)
Duration (months)
Pain location
History of present illness
Phamacological treatment
OPA
HADS
PCS
(anxiety)
(depression)
1
F
70
30
34
rct
NSAIDs
c, t
14
15
—
2
F
37
4
14.15
none
Tizanidine hydrochloride NSAIDs
c
6
5
36
3
F
58
7
(21) area
ext and cur
NSAIDs
t
7
5
23
4
F
27
7
16.26.36.46
rct
Mirtazapine-lorazepam
c, t
16
16
40
5
F
59
48
36.37
none
Flunitrazepam-etizolam
c, t
18
18
51
6
F
71
6
36.37
cr
Etizolam
c, t
9
3
40
7
F
39
48
26.27
none
Lorazepam
c
10
6
32
8
F
37
36
(26) area
ext and cur
Clonazepam-gabapentin carbamazepine-pregabalin
c, t
9
8
19
9
F
74
36
(46) area
rct and ext
NSAIDs
—
12
10
47
10
F
75
240
(24.25.26) area
ext
NSAIDs
c, t
8
4
42
11
F
82
24
11.14.21
none
NSAIDs
c
3
13
31
12
M
58
24
6.17.26.27.36.37.46.47
none
Pregabalin-brotizolam
j
13
14
37
13
M
78
24
37
br
NSAIDs
t
8
8
38
14
F
89
3
16 (44.45.46.47) area
ext and cur
Mirtazapine
t
15
18
50
15
F
72
3
11.12.13 (16) area
none
Pregabalin-carbamazepine NSAIDs
c, t
12
16
45
16
F
44
36
25 (26) area
ext
Drugs for bipolar disorder
c
18
18
—
17
F
39
30
26
rct and ext
Drugs for schizophrenia
c, t
7
11
22
18
F
46
36
13.38
none
Drugs for schizophrenia
c
11
18
44
19
F
69
36
(37.38) area
ext
Amitriptyline-NSAIDs-pregabalin
—
3
2
15
20
F
24
18
All teeth
none
Drugs for obsessive-compulsive disorder
—
13
9
46
21
F
21
96
26
None → pulpectomy
Amitriptyline
c
14
9
40
Mean
55.7
37.7
10.8
10.8
36.7
Tooth number is shown by two-digit notation (FDI). (Number) area is in situ after extraction of tooth. History of present illness: none = nontreatment; ext = extraction of tooth; rct = root canal treatment; cur = curettage of alveolar bone. cr = crown, br = bridge, OPA: c = diurnal tooth clenching; t = touching tooth by tongue; j = jaw moving; HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to determine the levels of anxiety and depression. PCS = Pain Catastrophizing Scale to determine the levels of physical and emotional distress associated with their pain.
