Review Article

Occupational Therapy’s Unique Contribution to Chronic Pain Management: A Scoping Review

Table 2

Summary of publications in the final analysis ().

Author(s), year, country of originAim/purposeSample sizeStudy populationType of publication

Aegle and Satink [30] NetherlandsTo explore how persons with chronic pain experienced their occupational performance. subjectsCPQualitative study

Artner et al. [31] GermanyTo introduce and evaluate the short-term outcome of a three-week intensive multidisciplinary outpatient program for patients with back pain and sciatica, measured according to decrease of functional impairment and pain. subjectsChronic LBPPilot study (retrospective analysis)

Ashby et al. [32] AustraliaTo examine the difficulties men with chronic LBP experienced in the maintenance of their leisure activities and to explore the connection between leisure and social networks and the potential barriers to resuming leisure occupations due to chronic LBP. patients (men)Chronic LBPEthnographic study

Bosy et al. [33] CanadaTo describe the essential elements of an intensive 8-week interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programme with a cognitive-behavioral emphasis and the results that can be expected in treating patients with chronic pain conditions. patientsCPObservational study

Caby et al. [34] FranceTo evaluate the efficiency of an intensive, dynamic, and multidisciplinary functional restoration program in patients with chronic LBP, during 6-month follow-up and 12-month follow-up. patientsChronic LBPRetrospective, nonrandomized controlled study

Cammalleri [35] CanadaTo specifically look at the relationships between religion and pain experiences. womenCPGray literature/dissertation qualitative study

Demoulin et al. [36] BelgiumTo evaluate the efficacy of a semi-intensive multidisciplinary outpatient program complying with the requirements of the Belgian National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance and intended for patients with chronic LBP. patientsChronic LBPPretest-posttest with a control group

Dobkin et al. [37] CanadaTo identify factors associated with decreased disability and lower pain scores 6 months after a multimodal treatment program for FM and to determine whether adherence influenced outcomes. womenFMQuasiexperimental study

Fisher et al. [13] USATo explore the lived occupational experiences of people who have chronic pain. patientsCPQualitative phenomenological study

Fisher et al. [38] USATo develop an occupation-based assessment that measured and described the occupational performance of individuals with CP. patients +17 practicing occupational therapistsCPMethodological study

Gallice et al. [39] SwissTo present the practice of a multidisciplinary functional rehabilitation program for patients with chronic LBP.Chronic LBPAuthor opinion

Gatchel and Dougall [40] USAThis chapter reviews and discusses data demonstrating the close comorbidity between chronic musculoskeletal and mental health disorders.CPGray literature book chapter 12

Lippe and Polatin [41] USAThis chapter describes the basic rationale behind an interdisciplinary approach, the interdisciplinary program framework, and the role that this approach plays when considering disability in the workplace.CPGray literature book chapter 20

Chapman et al. [42] USAThis chapter discusses four important areas related to vocational assessment and training for patients with chronic musculoskeletal disorders.CPGray literature book chapter 25

Gonzalez et al. [43] SpainTo evaluate the improvement of ADL and quality of life following a multidisciplinary intervention (health primary care and occupational therapy). patientsFMPretest-posttest study

Harden et al. [44] USATo provide treatment guidelines for CRPS.CRPSLiterature review

Harden et al. [45] USATo provide diagnostic and treatment guidelines for CRPS.CRPSLiterature review

Hardison and Roll [46] USATo describe how mindfulness is used in physical rehabilitation, identify implications for OT practice, and guide future research on clinical mindfulness interventions. sourcesCPScoping review

Hesselstrand et al. [23] SwedenTo assess the quality of studies describing and evaluating the effects of OT interventions on CP. studiesCPSystematic literature review

Hill [12] United KingdomTo explain the role and value of OT within the pain management team.CPAuthor opinion

Jarrar [47] USATo evaluate the effects of mirror therapy on upper extremity pain and function for individuals with CRPS. (case study)CRPSGray literature/thesis systematic review and case study

Kallhed and Mårtensson [48] SwedenTo explore how persons with CP reason about their use and choice of strategies to manage activities of everyday life. personsCPQualitative study (semistructured interviews)

Keponen and Kielhofner [49] USATo examine how women experience occupations as they live with CP and more specifically to gain detailed knowledge regarding the meaning of important occupations in their life. narrativesCPQualitative study (narrative study)

King [50] USATo discuss the nonpharmacologic therapies for managing CP.CPLiterature review

Kurklinsky et al. [51] USATo examine the efficacy of interdisciplinary rehabilitation for improving function in people with CP. patientsCPRetrospective chart review

Linden et al. [52] GermanyTo evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour group therapy in respect to pain tolerance and disability apart from the effects on somatization in general and additional to the effects of a multimodal inpatient orthopedic rehabilitation program. patients (53 patients with chronic LBP and 50 controls)Chronic LBPRandomized controlled trial

Mathews [53] USATo discuss the principles of CP rehabilitation and some of these modalities in greater detail.CPLiterature review

McCormack and Gupta [54] USATo discuss and illustrate the use of complementary approaches to pain management by occupational therapists.CPLiterature review

McLean [55] CanadaTo report tools those occupational therapists or other clinicians may use to provide support to migraineurs (and their employer) in the workplace.HeadacheLiterature review

McLean et al. [56] CanadaTo review the pacing literature; describe the use of pacing in a specialty headache clinic; and provide client feedback regarding the effectiveness of pacing in headache self-management. patientsHeadacheLiterature review

Miles [57] USATo propose a multidisciplinary pain treatment program that aims to reduce the pain and improve the functioning of the patient, as well as to improve the communication between specialists to facilitate patient progress.CPGray literature/dissertation mixed-methods study

Nieuwenhuizen et al. [58] NetherlandsTo examine the construct validity and construct responsiveness of the Dutch version of the COPM performance scale in a population with CP. patientsCPMethodological study

Paquette [59] USATo apply the OT framework along with an evidence-based approach and an occupation-based intervention with a population of workers with chronic LBP to help them return to work and maintain their work status.Chronic LBPLiterature review

Pérez de Heredia-Torres et al. [60] SpainTo evaluate the differences in cognitive skills between women with FM and healthy women, and the correlations between functional independence and cognitive limitations. patients (20 controls, 20 patients with FM)FMCross-sectional case control study

Perneros and Tropp [61] SwedenTo present the development of The Assessment of Pain and Occupational Performance and to evaluate validity and reliability. patients (142 chronic LBP, 97 specific LBP, 45 nonspecific back pain)Chronic LBP, specific LBP and nonspecific back painDescriptive longitudinal study

Perneros et al. [62] SwedenTo evaluate occupational performance and pain intensity in daily occupations for patients with chronic LBP. patientsChronic LBPDescriptive longitudinal study

Persson et al. [63] SwedenTo describe everyday occupational problems among patients with musculoskeletal pain enrolled in a pain rehabilitation programme, and to compare subgroups based on participant characteristics. participantsCPMixed-methods study

Poole and Siegel [64] USATo summarize evidence focused on effectiveness of OT-related interventions for adults with FM. sourcesFMSystematic review

Prefontaine and Rochette [65] CanadaTo review the relationship between CP and engagement in instrumental ADL, sleep, and family life. sourcesCPLiterature review

Ravenek et al. [66] CanadaTo update the evidence for the multidisciplinary treatment of chronic LBP to improve employment outcomes and to assess what knowledge supports OT as contributing to a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of chronic LBP. sourcesChronic LBPSystematic review

Robinson et al. [67] IrelandTo critically analyse OT services for people with CP and identify significant factors influencing the future development of OT services for people with CP.CPLiterature review

Robinson et al. [19] IrelandTo discuss contemporary OT for people with CP with reference to a broad range of literature from many disciplines, and to examine the success of OT services in meeting the occupational needs of people with CP.CPAuthor opinion

Rome [68] FranceTo assess the value of combining OT with physical therapy for the rehabilitation of CRPS and to measure its effectiveness on ADL. patientsCRPS type 1Comparative cases study

Salgueiro et al. [69] SpainTo evaluate the ability of artificial neural networks to predict, on the basis of clinical variables, the response of persons with FM syndrome to a standard, 4-week interdisciplinary pain program. patientsFMRetrospective longitudinal study

Silvestri [21] USATo examine the implications of chronic shoulder pain on quality of life and occupational engagement in spinal cord injury.Chronic shoulder painLiterature review

Simon and Collins [70] USATo determine the efficacy of a lifestyle Redesign® intervention for people living with CP on quality of life, function, self-efficacy, and pain levels. patientsCP-chronic LBP, myalgia (FM), and CRPSRetrospective study

Skjutar et al. [20] SwedenTo explore occupational therapists’ perceptions of indicators for OT interventions among patients with CP. occupational therapistsCPQualitative study (focus group)

Stanos [71] USATo examine components of interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs, to discuss desirable features of successful programs and teams, and to review four established outpatient pain programs in the United States. (program)CPFocused review

Stewart et al. [72] USATo offer perspectives from life care planners, an occupational therapist, rehabilitation counsellors, and a pain management specialist on CP treatment.CPLiterature review

Tran et al. [73] CanadaTo summarize the evidence derived from randomized controlled trials pertaining to the treatment of CRPS. sourcesCRPSNarrative review

van Huet et al. [74] AustraliaTo explore factors that contribute to clients’ CP management from an OT perspective. occupational therapistsCPQualitative study (narrative inquiry)

Von Bülow et al. [75] DenmarkTo identify frequently reported ADL skill deficits of significance in subgroups of women with FM who have decreased ADL motor ability in combination with decreased or competent ADL process ability. patientsFMCross-sectional study

Note. ADL = activities of daily living; COPM = Canadian occupational performance measure; CP = chronic pain; CRPS = complex regional pain syndrome; FM = fibromyalgia; LBP = low back pain; OT = occupational therapy.