Clinical Significance of Epidurography Contrast Patterns after Adhesiolysis during Lumbar Percutaneous Epidural Neuroplasty

Figure 3

Correlation between epidurography contrast spread after adhesiolysis during PEN and clinical outcomes. Extraforaminal contrast spread (grades 4 and 5) is associated with a tendency for decreased pain and significantly better quality of life compared with intracanal spread (grades 1, 2, and 3). PEN: percutaneous epidural neuroplasty, VAS: visual analog scale, ODI: Oswestry Disability Index, and SF-12: 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey.