Transforaminal Epiduroscopic Basivertebral Nerve Laser Ablation for Chronic Low Back Pain Associated with Modic Changes: A Preliminary Open-Label Study

Table 2

Clinical outcomes.

Score	Preoperative^ǂ	Postoperative^ǂ	value	3-month postoperative^ǂ	value	Final follow-up^ǂ	Value
VAS score	7.79 ± 0.98	1.93 ± 1.39	<0.0001	2.21 ± 0.89	<0.0001	2.36 ± 1.01	<0.0001

For statistical analysis, the paired t-test was used. P value <0.05 was considered significant. ^ǂAll values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.