Temporomandibular Disorders Related to Stress and HPA-Axis Regulation

Table 2

Results from the questionnaires Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Coping Strategies Questionnaire regarding catastrophizing, assessed in the TMD patients and controls. A signed rank test resulted in significant higher score on all parameters in the TMD patient group.

Psychosocial scores	Mean	Median	Range	SD	value (signed rank)
Catastrophizing (0–12)					<0.0001
TMD	7.88	8.0	1–12	2.95
Control	1.39	0.0	0–11	2.64
Anxiety (A) (0–21)					0.0002
TMD	7.73	7.0	0–20	5.11
Control	3.35	2.0	0–12	3.22
Depression (D) (0–21)					<0.0001
TMD	6.28	5.0	0–19	5.07
Control	1.70	1.0	0–9	2.32
A + D (HADS) (0–42)					<0.0001
TMD	14.25	13.0	0–39	9.76
Control	5.05	3.5	0–19	4.85