Cross-Cultural Validation of the English Chronic Pain Myth Scale in Emergency Nurses

Table 1

Rotated factor matrix of the English CPMS ().

Items	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3
(1) Really have pain, it is not in their head	0.409	0.263	0.056
(2) Just want to be prescribed drugs	0.717	0.081	0.008
(3) Try to obtain sick leave to stop working	0.746	0.006	−0.091
(4) Just want to be lazy and not accomplish their daily tasks	0.716	0.203	0.064
(5) Complain of pain to get attention from others	0.778	0.089	−0.011
(6) Really want to get better	0.594	0.236	−0.041
(7) Complain about their pain, but continue their activities (e.g., sports, motorized sports, and watercraft). Their pain should not be that bad	0.543	0.095	0.008
(8) Become dependent on their medications, like drug addicts	0.467	0.028	−0.200
(9) Often tend to exaggerate the severity of their condition	0.745	0.144	−0.077
(10) Chronic pain causes several physical symptoms (e.g., muscle tension, change in appetite, reduced mobility, and fatigue)	0.220	0.515	0.122
(11) Chronic pain can have a direct impact on sex life	0.262	0.651	0.025
(12) People with chronic pain are sometimes not accepted by their relatives	0.126	0.494	−0.026
(13) Chronic pain may be associated with negative emotions (e.g., fear, anger, or sadness)	0.184	0.591	0.150
(14) People with chronic pain do not tend to isolate themselves	0.208	0.281	0.072
(15) People with chronic pain usually have more difficulty resisting stressful events of daily life	−0.128	0.274	0.083
(16) The risk of death by suicide is higher among people with chronic pain than in the general population	0.144	0.500	−0.015
(17) Chronic pain costs billions of dollars to our society	−0.247	0.270	0.209
(18) People with chronic pain do not always have access to healthcare services to treat their condition	0.190	0.356	−0.125
(19) Doctors lack time to treat chronic pain	−0.011	0.265	0.005
(20) Consulting a psychologist is useless unless the person with chronic pain is depressed	−0.048	0.129	0.443
(21) There is not much to do to improve chronic pain	0.113	0.060	0.388
(22) Good sleeping habits help reduce chronic pain	−0.185	0.286	0.526
(23) A balanced diet helps reduce chronic pain	−0.193	0.271	0.616
(24) Doing physical exercise may worsen chronic pain	−0.003	−0.175	0.700
(25) Working may worsen chronic pain	−0.132	−0.255	0.640
(26) The treatment of chronic pain is in the hands of healthcare professionals and not those of the patient	0.040	0.010	0.350
Eigenvalues before rotation	5.38	3.16	2.12
Percentage of variance explained after rotation	16.26	9.38	8.45

Extraction method: principal axis factoring. Rotation method: varimax with Kaiser normalization. Bold type indicates factor loading for each item.