Skin/Muscle Incision and Retraction Induces Evoked and Spontaneous Pain in Mice

<div>Photograph of injury site during the 1-hour retraction period of skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) surgery. (a) Custom-made retractor with a spreading distance of 1 cm. (b) Revealing the fascia of the underlying adductor muscles. (c) The muscles were parted by the custom-made retractor for 1 hour.</div>

Pain Research and Management

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Figure 1

Figure 1: Skin/Muscle Incision and Retraction Induces Evoked and Spontaneous Pain in Mice 