Cognitive Decline in Chronic Migraine with Nonsteroid Anti-inflammation Drug Overuse: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 5

Morbidity of cognitive decline in different groups^a.

	CM		MO	Control
	CM-MOH	CMwoMOH
ACE-R^1	8 (38.1)	7 (35.0)	6 (17.1)	3 (7.5)
Memory^1	10 (47.6)	6 (30.0)	7 (20.0)	5 (12.5)
Language fluency^1	8 (38.1)	8 (40.0)	9 (25.7)	3 (7.5)
Language	5 (23.8)	6 (30.0)	14 (40.0)	8 (20.0)
Visuospace	8 (38.1)	5 (25.0)	6 (17.1)	6 (15.0)
TMT A	8 (38.1)	5 (25.0)	6 (17.1)	4 (10.0)
TMT B^1	11 (52.4)	5 (25.0)	6 (17.1)	1 (2.5)
DST^1	7 (33.3)	8 (40.0)	3 (8.6)	5 (12.5)

The low 20% performance of each cognitive evaluation was defined as cognitive decline. ^aChi-squared tests, cases of cognitive decline (%). ¹Chi-squared tests, ; CM, chronic migraine; CM-MOH, chronic migraine with medication overuse headache; CMwoMOH, chronic migraine without medication overuse headache; MO, migraine without aura; ACE-R, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Test; TMT, Trail Making Test; DST, Digit Symbol Test.