Topical Review: Basic Psychological Needs in Adolescents with Chronic Pain—A Self-Determination Perspective

Table 1

Definitions and examples of how children’s/adolescents’ three basic psychological needs can be satisfied or frustrated.

	Needs satisfaction	Needs frustration
Autonomy	Experiencing a sense of volition, personal choice, and psychological freedom in one’s actions	Feeling forced or coerced to act in a certain way
Competence	Feeling capable to achieve desired outcomes	Feelings of doubt and failure concerning one’s efficacy
Relatedness	Feelings of intimacy and genuine connection with others	Feelings of relational exclusion and loneliness