| | miRNAs | Model/site | Change after chronic morphine exposure | Target | Effect on tolerance after artificial regulation | References |
| | miR-23b | Human neuroblastoma cells | Up | MOR | – | Wu et al. [14] | | miR-339-3p | Mouse hippocampus cells | Up | MOR | Alleviation | Wu et al. [15] | | miR-212/132 | Zebrafish embryos | Up | MOR | – | Garcia-Concejo et al. [16] | | miR-16 | CEM ×174 cells | Down | MOR | – | Hou et al. [17] | | Let-7a/7c/7g | Mouse, s.c., brain | Up | MOR | Alleviation | He et al. [18] | | miR-103/107 | Mouse, s.c., brain | Up | MOR | – | Lu et al. [19] | | miR-365 | Rat, i.t., spinal cord | Down | β-arrestin-2 | Alleviation | Wang et al. [9] | | Wu et al. [20] | | miR-219 | Mouse, s.c., DRG | Down | CaMKII γ | Alleviation | Hu et al. [21] | | miR-219 | Rat, i.t., spinal cord | Down | CaMKII γ | Alleviation | Wang et al. [22] | | miR-375 | Mouse, s.c., DRG | Down | JAK2 | Alleviation | Li et al. [23] | | miR-1 | Mouse, s.c., brain | Down | BDNF | – | Tapocik et al. [5] | | Neuman et al. [24] | | miR-27a | Mouse, s.c., brain | Down | Serpini1, Dicer1 | – | Tapocik et al. [5] | | miR-146b | Mouse, s.c., brain | Down | Serpini1, Dicer1 | – | Tapocik et al. [5] | | miR-505 | Mouse, s.c., brain | Up | Serpini1, Dicer1 | – | Tapocik et al. [5] | | miR-9 | Mouse, s.c., brain | Down | Serpini1 | – | Tapocik et al. [5] | | miR-133b | Rat hippocampal neurons | Down | Pitx3 | – | Sanchez-Simon et al. [25] | | miR-190 | Mouse, s.c., DRG | No | Neurod1 | Alleviation | Li et al. [26] | | miR-19b | Mouse, s.c., brain | Down | Neurod1 | – | Tapocik et al. [5] | | Zheng et al. [27] | | miR-124 | Mouse, bone cancer pain, spinal cord | – | Synaptopodin, Neurod1 | – | Elramah et al. [28] | | Zheng et al. [27] | | miR-146a | miR-146a | Down | TRAF6 | – | Tapocik et al. [5] | | Lu et al. [29] |
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s.c., subcutaneous; i.t., intrathecal; DRG, dorsal root ganglion; –, no research; MOR, μ opioid receptors; CaMKII γ, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma; JAK2, Janus kinase 2; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; Serpini1, serpin peptidase inhibitor clade-1; Pitx3, paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 3; Neurod1, neurogenic differentiation-1; TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6.
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