Mechanisms of “Cough-Trick” for Pain Relief during Venipuncture: An Experimental Crossover Investigation in Healthy Volunteers

<div>Time points of outcome measurement. Time point (I): measurement of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) 5 minutes before the venipuncture (VP). Time point II: assessment of pain intensity at VP on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS-100); incidence of hand withdrawal; and HR, BP, and blood glucose (BG) directly after the VP. Time point III: measurement of heart rate and blood pressure 10 minutes after the VP.</div>

Pain Research and Management

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Figure 3

Figure 3: Mechanisms of “Cough-Trick” for Pain Relief during Venipuncture: An Experimental Crossover Investigation in Healthy Volunteers 