Review Article

Prophylaxis of Pain and Fractures within Feet in the Course of Osteoporosis: The Issue of Diagnosing

Table 1

Summary of general information, defects, and ailments of the feet of patients included in the study, together with an assessment of functionality in individual areas of the foot (foot, longitudinal arch, transverse arch, and toes).

Patient no./ figure no.Medical historyDiagnosed foot defects while standing
Age (years)Weight (kg)Medical history, complaintsTarsusLongitudinal archTransverse archToes

No. 1 Figures 1(a)1(e)6970Pain in the forefoot, both right and left. Limited mobility in the upper ankle jointL-valgus R-normalL-reduced R-normal (planovalgus foot in the gait assessment of both feet-pedobarography)L-reduced R-reducedL-normal R-normal
No. 2 Figures 2(a)2(f)86Comminuted fracture of the fibula, tibiaL-post fracture valgity R-valgityL-reduced R-reducedL-reduced R-reducedL-hallux valgus R-hallux valgus
No. 36665Ankle swelling, foot painL-valgity R-valgityL-normal R-normal (planovalgus foot in the gait assessment of both feet-pedobarography)L-reduced R-reducedL-normal R-normal
No. 4 Figures 3(a)3(f)5585Pain of the whole foot hindering walking, venous insufficiencyL-varus deformity R-varus deformityVarus forefoot-instability at the level of the tarsometatarsal jointsL-reduced R-reducedL-hallux valgus, II-V-hammer toes R-hallux valgus, II-V varus toes (fixed lesions-X-ray)
No. 5 Figures 4(a)4(c)5895Foot painL-valgity R-valgityL-normal R-normal (planovalgus foot in the gait assessment of both feet-pedobarography)L-reduced R-reducedL – hallux valgus, flexible hammer toes– hallux valgus, flexible hammer toes
No. 6 Figures 5(a)5(e)7191Pain in the area of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, limitation of mobility. Diabetes II, renal failure, psoriasis, prostate hypertrophy, hypertension, heart failure, fatty liver, lymphoedemaL-valgity R-valgityL-normal R-normal (planovalgus foot in the gait assessment of both feet-pedobarography)L-reduced R-reduced overload change (callus) in the area of II and III metatarsophalangeal jointL-hallux valgus/rigid II, IV varus toes/II hammer toe P-II-IV flexible hammer toes
No. 7 Figures 6(a)6(g)2787Fracture of the calcaneus with fragmentation in 2015L-valgity R-valgityL-normal P-normal (planovalgus foot in the gait assessment of both feet-pedobarography)L-reduced R-reducedL-normal R-normal
No. 8. Figures 7(a)7(e)7968Pain of the left foot, of the great toe, psoriasisL-valgity R-valgityL-reduced R-reduced (planovalgus foot in the gait assessment of both feet-pedobarography)L-reduced R-reducedL-hallux valgus, dislocation of the sesamoid bones (X-ray)R-hallux valgus
No. 9.8294Significant valgity and pain of the ankle of the left limb; in the right limb, the condition is complicated by surgery due to hallux valgus, lymphoedema, no X-ray-the patient does not agree to the X-ray imageL-valgity (the lack of X-ray image prevents making diagnosis)R-valgityL-reduced R-reduced(pedobarography)L-reduced R-reducedL-hallux valgus, II-IV hammer toesR-significant deformities of the toes (postoperative complications)
No. 10. Figures 8(a)8(e)3387Pain of the II metatarsophalangeal joint of the left foot, instability of the III toe, microfractures within the head of the III metatarsal bone; medical history revealed numerous microfractures in the right hand, radius, fibula-during activities of daily living (e.g. abnormal body position)L-normal R-normalL-normal R-normal Adduction of the metatarsal bones, distortion at the level of the line of lisfranc joints (X-ray, pedobarography indicates significant pressure on the base of the V metatarsal bone). When standing, varus forefoot in relation to the tarsus (pedobarography)L-reduced R-reduced in both feet, significantly increased pressure on the II metatarsophalangeal joint (pedobarography) degradation of the head of the II metatarsal bone of the left foot (X-ray)Toes (L and R) apparent features of the Morton’s foot caused by adduction of the forefoot (X-ray)II-V flexible hammer toes. Significant instability of the II toe of the left foot
No. 11 Figures 9(a)9(f)6682L-amputation of the toes I-IV, the metatarsophalangeal joints, as a result of necrosis (circulatory disorders), with an episode of coma, pain of the plantar surfaceL-reduced R-reducedL-amputation of toes I-IV, varus fifth toe (X-ray) P-hallux valgus, II-V flexible hammer toes

L: left limb; R: right limb.