Dysmenorrhea and Associated Factors among Polish Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
Factors associated with dysmenorrhea among respondents.
PG
SG
WG
value
n (%)
n (%)
n (%)
Family history of dysmenorrhea, mother
Yes
364 (59.7)
188 (41.9)
17 (25.0)
<0.005
No
110 (18.0)
89 (19.8)
32 (47.1)
I do not know
136 (22.3)
172 (38.3)
19 (27.9)
Family history of dysmenorrhea, sister
Yes
174 (28.5)
125 (27.8)
13 (19.1)
<0.005
No
76 (12.5)
36 (8.0)
18 (26.5)
I do not know
46 (7.5)
59 (13.2)
7 (10.3)
I do not have a sister
314 (51.5)
229 (51.0)
30 (44.1)
PMS
Yes
421 (69.0)
273 (60.8)
21 (30.9)
<0.005
No
78 (12.8)
83 (18.5)
33 (48.5)
I do not know
111 (18.2)
93 (20.7)
14 (20.6)
Age of menarche
≤12 years
316 (51.8)
205 (45.7)
21 (30.9)
<0.005
13-14 years
248 (40.7)
193 (43.0)
36 (52.9)
≥15 years
46 (7.5)
51 (11.3)
11 (16.2)
Healthy diet
Yes
259 (42.5)
215 (47.9)
36 (52.9)
0.068
No
218 (35.7)
154 (34.3)
15 (22.1)
I do not know
133 (21.8)
80 (17.8)
17 (25.0)
Stress
Everyday
164 (26.9)
100 (22.3)
13 (19.1)
0.005
A few times a week
273 (44.7)
177 (39.4)
28 (41.2)
A few times a month
134 (22.0)
124 (27.6)
16 (23.5)
Rarely
39 (6.4)
48 (10.7)
11 (16.2)
Self-esteem
I am perfect, I love my appearance
16 (2.6)
7 (1.6)
3 (4.4)
0.042
I accept myself as I am, although I am aware of my imperfections
271 (44.4)
225 (50.1)
41 (60.3)
When I have a good day, I do not have much to complain about, but sometimes I feel worse about myself
262 (42.9)
175 (39.0)
18 (26.5)
It does not matter how I look—I don't care
6 (1.0)
8 (1.8)
1 (1.5)
I think I am ugly, I cannot look at myself
40 (6.6)
19 (4.2)
2 (2.9)
Other
15 (2.5)
15 (3.3)
3 (4.4)
Exercise
Yes
311 (51.0)
260 (57.9)
42 (61.8)
0.037
No
299 (49.0)
189 (42.1)
26 (38.2)
Frequency of exercises
Everyday
21 (3.4)
15 (3.3)
3 (4.4)
0.5636
A few times a week
196 (32.0)
165 (36.7)
26 (38.2)
Once a week
84 (13.8)
71 (15.8)
10 (14.7)
Once a month
14 (2.3)
9 (2.0)
1 (1.5)
Seasonally
84 (13.8)
51 (11.4)
12 (17.7)
Rarely
94 (15.4)
51 (11.4)
6 (8.8)
Never
118 (19.3)
87 (19.4)
10 (14.7)
BMI
<18.5
59 (9.7)
35 (7.8)
6 (8.8)
0.271
18.5–24.9
474 (77.7)
341 (75.9)
52 (76.5)
>25
77 (12.6)
73 (16.3)
10 (14.7)
Alcohol intake
Everyday
2 (0.3)
2 (0.5)
0 (0.0)
0.3602
A few times a week
53 (8.7)
34 (7.6)
4 (5.9)
Several times a month
177 (29.0)
156 (34.7)
29 (42.7)
During celebrations, parties
263 (43.1)
177 (39.4)
22 (32.3)
Never
34 (5.6)
16 (3.6)
3 (4.4)
Very rarely
81 (13.3)
64 (14.2)
10 (14.7)
Smoking
Yes
123 (20.2)
95 (21.2)
14 (20.6)
0.925
No
487 (79.8)
354 (78.8)
54 (79.8)
Abbreviations: PG, women with dysmenorrhea during every cycle, SG, women with dysmenorrhea occasionally, WG, women without dysmenorrhea, PMS, premenstrual syndrome, and BMI, body mass index. Statistically significant variables.
