Spatial Distribution and Asymmetry of Surface Electromyography on Lumbar Muscles of Soldiers with Chronic Low Back Pain

Table 1

Basic characteristics of the study population.

	Control (N = 20)	CLBP (N = 20)	Cohen’s d^a	value^b
	Mean ± SD
Age, years	29.0 ± 4.6	28.6 ± 3.8	0.094	0.83
Height, cm	173.7 ± 2.9	176.3 ± 2.4	0.977	0.08
Body mass, kg	71.7 ± 9.2	70.9 ± 8.7	0.089	0.81
BMI, kg/m^2	23.9 ± 3.6	23.0 ± 4.4	0.224	0.49
Pain duration, years	N/A	5.8 ± 4.4	N/A	N/A
Pain side, L/R	N/A	11/9	N/A	N/A
VAS	N/A	4.2 ± 1.5	N/A	N/A
ODI	N/A	16.9 ± 6.3	N/A	N/A

^aCohen’s d= (M2 − M1)/SD_pooled. ^bPaired t-test. CLBP: chronic low back pain; SD: standard deviation; BMI: body mass index. VAS: visual analog scale; ODI: Oswestry disability index.