Spatial Distribution and Asymmetry of Surface Electromyography on Lumbar Muscles of Soldiers with Chronic Low Back Pain

Table 2

Two-way ANOVA between groups and muscle side.

Group	Control	CLBP	value^a (F)	value^b (F)	value^c (F)
LES (NMF slope, %/min)	−0.13 ± 0.04	−0.11 ± 0.04	<0.0001 (2.334)	0.003 (89.364)	0.512 (0.458)
RES (NMF slope, %/min)	−0.11 ± 0.03	−0.07 ± 0.05

^aTwo-way ANOVA between control and CLBP;^b two-way ANOVA between LES and RES;^c two-way ANOVA between interaction term in group and muscle side. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation. Statistically significant (). CLBP: chronic low back pain; LES: left-side erector spinae muscle; RES: right-side erector spinae muscle; NMF: normalized median frequency.