Spatial Distribution and Asymmetry of Surface Electromyography on Lumbar Muscles of Soldiers with Chronic Low Back Pain

Table 4

The distribution of asymmetry parameters.

	Control (N = 20)	CLBP (N = 20)	Cohen’s d^a	-value^a
	Mean ± SD
Uncompensated RMS imbalance	6.21 ± 0.94	9.82 ± 2.36	2.010	<0.0001
Alternating frequency	4.10 ± 2.22	20.00 ± 12.09	1.829	<0.0001

^aCohen’s d= (M2-M1) ⁄ SD_pooled. ^bT-test. CLBP: chronic low back pain; SD: standard deviation; RMS: root mean square. Statistically significant ().