Predictive Factors for Access-Site Pain Chronicity after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention via Radial Artery Access

Table 1

Clinical and procedural indicators.

Variable	n, % or mean ± SD
Clinical characteristics
Gender, female	63	39.1%
Age (years)	66.2 ± 10.59
Diabetes mellitus	27	16.8%
Dyslipidemia	92	57.1%
Arterial hypertension	127	78.9%
Tunnel carpal syndrome before procedure	5	3.1%
Mean of IHD (years)	10.63 ± 11.07
Depression	2	1.2%
Rheumatoid arthritis	4	2.5%
Body mass index (kg)	28.62 ± 4.77
Smoking	50	31.1%
Fear before PCI	35	21.7%
The puncture site pain before PCI	5	3.1%
Procedure
Mean of the procedure duration (minutes)	35.02 ± 24.63
Mean time of the bandage removal (hours)	6.74 ± 1.77
First time performed PCI	96	59.6%
PCI procedure performed more than once	65	40.4%
Access-site complications	46	28.6%
Arterial bleeding	15	9.3%
Hematoma	43	26.7%
Neuropathy	3	1.9%
Infection	0	0%
Artery thrombosis	0	0%
Pseudoaneurysm	0	0%
Arteriovenous fistula	0	0%
Hand swelling following haemostasis	107	66.5%

Note. IHD: ischemic heart disease. PCI: percutaneous cardiac intervention.